中被动语态使用有规范,被动语态能突出研究客体与动作,使表达更客观,常用于描述实验过程、研究方法及结果等,使用时要注意避免滥用,不能因追求客观而过度使用,导致句子冗长复杂,要确保被动语态结构完整、语法正确,准确传达信息,合理运用被动语态,可提升摘要质量,使其更符合学术规范,清晰准确地呈现研究核心内容 。
中,被动语态的使用需遵循以信息传递为核心、兼顾客观性与可读性的原则,其规范可归纳为以下要点:
被动语态的核心价值
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客观性表达
通过隐去施动者(如研究者、机构),将焦点置于研究动作本身及其结果,强化科学发现的普遍性和可重复性。- 主动语态:"We analyzed the data."
- 被动语态:"The data were analyzed."(更突出数据而非研究者)
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过程导向
在描述实验步骤、数据处理等环节时,被动语态可强调方法的可追溯性和步骤的规范性。"Samples were randomly allocated to treatment groups."(突出分配过程的客观性)
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信息聚焦
将关键对象(如结果、理论)置于主语位置,使信息层级更清晰。"A significant correlation was found between variables."(结果前置,吸引读者注意)
适用场景与规范
必须使用被动语态的场景
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方法与过程描述
当研究者的身份非核心信息时,被动语态可突出方法的执行与结果。- "The solution was heated to 100°C."(实验步骤)
- "Questionnaires were distributed to 200 participants."(数据收集)
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结果与发现陈述
将关注点放在结果本身,而非执行者。- "The hypothesis was supported by the data."(理论验证)
- "Errors were minimized through calibration."(结果优化)
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信息披露与隐私保护
涉及受试者、公司等敏感主体时,被动语态可避免无谓的主体暴露。"Personal data were anonymized before analysis."(伦理合规)
慎用或避免被动语态的场景
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强调责任主体
当需明确责任或执行者时,主动语态更清晰。- 被动语态:"Mistakes were made."(模糊责任)
- 主动语态:"The research team made errors."(明确责任方)
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过程描述冗长
过度使用被动语态可能导致句子冗长、主语模糊。- 被动语态:"The experiment was designed by the team, the samples were prepared by technicians, and the results were analyzed by statisticians."
- 改进版:"The team designed the experiment, with technicians preparing samples and statisticians analyzing results."(混合语态,增强可读性)
学科差异与语态选择
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自然科学、工程与医学
方法段落常见"被动+客观描述"搭配,强调程序的可重复性。- "The algorithm was tested under three conditions."(工程技术)
- "This syndrome is caused by genetic factors."(医学研究)
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人文社科
更倾向于主动语态,尤其在论证与分析段落。- "Shakespeare's plays reveal complex gender dynamics."(文学研究)
- "The author argues that..."(理论讨论)
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跨学科写作
建议以全文风格一致性为目标,方法部分采用被动语态,讨论与结论部分使用主动语态。- 方法:"The data were collected through surveys."
- "Our findings suggest..."(提升论证力与可读性)
句式优化与常见错误
句式优化技巧
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避免长串被动
被动句不应成为信息孤岛,需服务于特定沟通目标。- 冗长被动:"The broken equipment was in the lab, which was cleaned by the assistant."
- 改进版:"The assistant cleaned the lab, where the broken equipment was located."
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明确参与主体
使用"由"替代单纯"被",增强方向性。- "The project was funded by the government."(被动)
- "The government funded the project."(主动更简洁)
常见错误与修正
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虚假被动语态
错误:"There are many studies done on this topic."(非被动语态)
修正:"Many studies have been conducted on this topic." -
过度使用被动
问题段落:"The experiment was designed, the samples were prepared, and the results were analyzed."
改进版:"The research team designed the experiment, prepared samples, and analyzed results."(混合语态)
时态与语态的协同
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一般现在时
用于说明研究目的、叙述研究内容、描述结果。"The data show a significant trend."(客观事实)
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一般过去时
用于叙述过去的研究过程或发现。"The samples were collected last year."(实验步骤)
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现在完成时
用于联系过去与现在,强调研究的延续性。"Previous studies have demonstrated..."(理论背景)
实用工具与检查
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语法检测工具
使用Grammarly学术模式设置被动语态比例提醒,或通过Hemingway Editor标紫过度被动句式。 -
学科语料库
参考目标期刊的已发表论文,分析其语态使用频率与场景。



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